Acute and Critical Care

Original Articles

Vascular Surgery
Direction of the J-Tip of the Guidewire to Decrease the Malposition Rate of an Internal Jugular Vein Catheter: Byeong jun Ahn, Sung Uk Cho, Won Joon Jeong, Yeon Ho You, Seung Ryu, Jin Woong Lee, In Sool Yoo, Yong chul Cho; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(4):280-285. Published online November 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.4.280

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Background
We hypothesized that the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire during insertion into the internal jugular vein (IJV) might determine its ultimate location. Methods: In this study, 300 patients between the ages of 18 and 99 years who required central venous catheterization via IJV in the emergency department enrolled for randomization. IVJ catheterization was successful in 285 of 300 patients. An independent operator randomly prefixed the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire to one of three directions. Based on the direction of the J-tip, patients were allocated into three groups: the J-tip medial-directed group (Group A), the lateral-directed group (Group B), or the downward-directed group (Group C). Postoperative chest radiography was performed on all patients in order to visualize the location of the catheter tip. A catheter is considered malpositioned if it is not located in the superior vena cava or right atrium. Results: Of the total malpositioned catheter tips (8 of 285; 2.8%), the majority (5 of 8; 62.5%) entered the contralateral subclavian vein, 2 (25.0%) were complicated by looping, and 1 (12.5%) entered the ipsilateral subclavian vein. According to the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire, the incidence of malpositioning of the catheter tip was 4 of 92 in Group A (4.3%), 4 of 96 in Group B (4.2%), and there were no malpositions in Group C. There were no significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.114). Conclusions: The direction of the J-tip of the guidewire had no statistically significant effect on incidence of malpositioned tips.

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Perioperative Echocardiography to Confirm Correct Central Venous Catheter Placement: A Case Report
Parag Gharde, Sourangshu Sarkar, Kalpana Irpachi, Amol Kumar Bhoje, Bhavdeep Kaur, Sandeep Chauhan
A&A Practice.2020; 14(10): e01291. CrossRef

Pulmonary
The Adequacy of a Conventional Mechanical Ventilator as a Ventilation Method during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Manikin Study: Hong Joon Ahn, Kun Dong Kim, Won Joon Jeong, Jun Wan Lee, In Sool Yoo, Seung Ryu; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(2):89-94. Published online May 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.2.89

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
We conducted this study to verify whether a mechanical ventilator is adequate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Background: We conducted this study to verify whether a mechanical ventilator is adequate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Methods: A self-inflating bag resuscitator and a mechanical ventilator were used to test two experimental models: Model 1 (CPR manikin without chest compression) and Model 2 (CPR manikin with chest compression). Model 2 was divided into three subgroups according to ventilator pressure limits (Plimit). The self-inflating bag resuscitator was set with a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/min with the volume-marked bag-valve procedure. The mode of the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: volume-controlled mandatory ventilation of tidal volume (Vt) 600 mL, an inspiration time of 1.2 seconds, a constant flow pattern, a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/minute, a positive end expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O and a maximum trigger limit. Peak airway pressure (Ppeak) and Vt were measured by a flow analyzer. Ventilation adequacy was determined at a Vt range of 400-600 mL with a Ppeak of ≤ 50 cmH2O. Results: In Model 1, Vt and Ppeak were in the appropriate range in the ventilation equipments. In Model 2, for the self-inflating bag resuscitator, the adequate Vt and Ppeak levels were 17%, and the Ppeak adequacy was 20% and the Vt was 65%. For the mechanical ventilator, the adequate Vt and Ppeak levels were 85%; the Ppeak adequacy was 85%; and the Vt adequacy was 100% at 60 cmH2O of Plimit. Conclusions: In a manikin model, a mechanical ventilator was superior to self-inflating bag resuscitator for maintaining adequate ventilation during chest compression.

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Humans vs. Machines: Mechanical Compression Devices and Their Appropriate Application in the Management of Cardiac Arrest
Emilia Clementi, Anirudh Chitale, Brian J. O’Neil, Anthony T. Lagina
Current Emergency and Hospital Medicine Reports.2023; 11(4): 133. CrossRef
Manual vs. mechanical ventilation in patients with advanced airway during CPR
Muthapillai Senthilnathan, Ramya Ravi, Srinivasan Suganya, Ranjith Kumar Sivakumar
Indian Heart Journal.2022; 74(5): 428. CrossRef
Effects of Changes in Inspiratory Time on Inspiratory Flowrate and Airway Pressure during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Manikin-Based Study
Jung Ju Lee, Su Yeong Pyo, Ji Han Lee, Gwan Jin Park, Sang Chul Kim, Hoon Kim, Suk Woo Lee, Young Min Kim, Hyun Seok Chai
Kosin Medical Journal.2021; 36(2): 100. CrossRef
Changes in peak inspiratory flow rate and peak airway pressure with endotracheal tube size during chest compression
Jung Wan Kim, Jin Woong Lee, Seung Ryu, Jung Soo Park, InSool Yoo, Yong Chul Cho, Hong Joon Ahn
World Journal of Emergency Medicine.2020; 11(2): 97. CrossRef
Mechanical Ventilation During Resuscitation: How Manual Chest Compressions Affect a Ventilator’s Function
Tillmann Speer, Wolfgang Dersch, Björn Kleine, Christian Neuhaus, Clemens Kill
Advances in Therapy.2017; 34(10): 2333. CrossRef

The Relation between Neurologic Prognosis and Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Measured in Initial Brain Computed Tomography of Cardiac Arrest and Hanging Patients: Kun Dong Kim, Hong Joon Ahn, Byul Nim Hee Cho, Sang Min Jeong, Joon Wan Lee, Yeon Ho You, In Sool Yoo, Won Joon Jeong; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2013;28(4):293-299.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2013.28.4.293

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Early prediction of neurologic outcome is important to patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after hypoxic brain injury. Hypoxic brain injury patients may have poor neurologic prognosis due to increased intracranial pressure. Increased intracranial pressure can be detected by optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement in computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. In this study, we evaluate the relation between neurologic prognosis and optic nerve sheath diameter measured in brain CT of hypoxic brain injury patients.
METHODS
We analyzed the patient clinical data by retrospective chart review. We measured the ONSD in initial brain CT. We also measured and calculated the gray white matter ratio (GWR) in CT scan. We split the patients into two groups based on neurologic outcome, and clinical data, ONSD, and GWR were compared in the two groups.
RESULTS
Twenty-four patients were included in this study (age: 52.6 +/- 18.3, 18 males). The mean ONSD of the poor neurologic outcome group was larger than that of the good neurologic outcome group (6.07 mm vs. 5.39 mm, p = 0.003). The GWR of the good neurologic outcome group was larger than that of the poor outcome group (1.09 vs. 1.28, p = 0.000). ONSD was a good predictor of neurologic outcome (area under curve: 0.848), and an ONSD cut off > or = 5.575 mm had a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 77.8%.
CONCLUSIONS
ONSD measured on the initial brain CT scan can predict the neurologic prognosis in cardiac arrest and hanging patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

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